Over breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide, some of which adapted to the local climate, others which were bred by humans for specialized uses cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Completely revised, updated, and expanded text by john dawes and dr. Select the beef cattle breed you would like to know about from the list below. Beef consumption has been gradually decreasing since the 1970s, when it was over 70 pounds per capita, to less than 55 pounds today. Third, select genetic types, breeds, and individuals within breeds for compatibility with the the first two considerations. Which breed of cattle has the largest worldwide breed registry.
This breed was associated with the opening up of each new area of pastoral australia in the early days, and was especially dominant in northwestern queensland, the northern territory and the kimberley region of western australia. Terminology the beef industry has a unique language all its own. Breeds of beef and multipurpose cattle msu college of. Light most dairy breeds dairy types extremely low british and bos indicus types very leggy light heifers dairy breeds dairy breeds and lowmuscle beef breeds table 2. Starting beef cattle farming business plan pdf startupbiz. What beef breed was developed at the king ranch in texas. Angus black and red, hereford horned and polled, and short horn are the primary british breeds. Over 60 of these breeds are present in the united states. A herd of purebred cattle will generally be more uniform in coat color than a herd of crossbred cows. In this edition other cattle production systems are recognised in a new section which includes calf rearing, store fattening, cattle in farm forestry, and cattle on forages and grain. Soon thereafter, good herds of shorthorn cattle were established in. Australia is the biggest beef exporter in the world.
Muscle scoring beef cattle bill mckiernan research leader animal production, production research, orange introduction the muscle or red meat content of a beef animal is the most valuable part of the carcase. The subject of breeds intrigues most cattle producers. Data from progress reports of the scheme were reanalysed for this investigation. Factors affecting ruminant breed distribution 39 5. The major breeds of importance in the state are angus, red angus, beefmaster, brahman, brangus, charolais, chianina, gelbvieh, hereford, limousin, longhorn, maine anjou. The cattle are predominantly polled with 3 to 5% horned. Beef cattle breeds and biological types virginia tech. Some breeds have been around for centuries, while others have been developed in the last couple of decades by mixing older breeds. More than eighty recognized breeds of beef cattle are available to producers in the united states. As a breed salers are very intelligent and calm in temperament. Benton and washington counties are the two largest counties in terms of all cattle and calves numbers, 120,000 and 86,000 head, respectively. Nutritional, genetic and management factors all influence feed use efficiency.
Here is a short list of some of the parts of cattle and how they are used. In selecting a beef breed, use the marc information to select breeds that have higher genetic potential for meat and milk. Physiological and endrocine parameters in beef cattle. Muscle scoring beef cattle department of primary industries. Cows wear longer 10% less depreciation easier calving 10% extra calves. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we will aim to add that breed to the list. However, a relatively small number of breeds less than 20 constitute the majority of the genetics utilized in the u. There are breeds that will produce all of the colors mentioned. The european breeds are known for growing fast and being heavy muscled. Continental european breeds and derivatives developed exclusively for beef production. The british breeds include angus, red angus, hereford, and shorthorn. A users guide to general types of cattle which fit into muscle score categories. American breeds, such as brangus and beefmaster, are gaining in popularity.
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. There are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized throughout the world, and several hundred breeds that are not currently recognized. This article will outline how to start the cattle farming business, and the beef cattle farming business plan pdf, word and excel. Animas within a breed tend to breed true for the specific traits they have been selected for and that characterize the breed. The salers has the largest, well shaped pelvic area of the major beef breeds which accounts for their exceptional calving ease and it also has a shorter than average gestation period. Beef quiz bowl questions beef 1 bite into beef beef 1 quiz bowl questions 1. Beef cattle breeds and biological types vce publications. Anatomy of beef cattle diagrams are in the back of the study guide a. Beef breeds in missouri many breeds of beef cattle are found in missouri. Know your beef breeds select your animal identify parts of the animal and cuts of meat train your calf to lead.
Apologies if we are missing information on a specific breed. The united states is the leading beef producer in the world. This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar beef production from different dairy breeds and dairy beef crosses, held in ireland on april 15, 1981, under the auspices of the commission of the european communities cec as part of the european communities ec programme for beef production. Participants must be able to identify breeds from the following livestock species. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 911k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. British beef are widely applicable, with some limits in tropical and subtropical climates. But for beef cattle production, breeds are only part of a genetic strategy that should include. Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Cattle breeds by origin of country there are numerous breeds of cattle raised in the united states. Starting beef cattle fattening farming business in. The european breeds include charolais, gelbvieh, limousin, maineanjou, salers, and simmental. Setshwaelo animal production research unit, private bag 0033, gaborone, botswana. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and.
Quality of meat of beef breeds bulls article pdf available in medycyna weterynaryjna 5710. In this publication a picture and a short history of the more common beef breeds found in tennessee will be shown. If a breed in aob has ten head or more shown by at least two exhibitors they will qualify for a breed show. Brahman as the best representative of the zebu breeds, the simmental as re presentative of the large european breeds and the bonsmara as the represent tion of the recently developed breeds. On the breeds of cattlehistoric and current classifications article pdf available in diversity 34. Cattle breed types department of primary industries. Dairy breeds most beef breed types and bos indicus most beef breed cows and bos indicus e. Jodi black, state extension associate, 4hanimal sciences. The husbandry and management methods employed on all stations were standardised and each station carried at least two breeds or crosses. Types and breeds of african cattle food and agriculture. A detailed guide to the breeding and management of beef cattle and their preparation and fitting for shows and sales. Animals with a common origin and selection history. Frame scoring of beef cattle the height of a beef animal at a given age can be used as a measure of its maturity type, or growth curve potential.
You can also selectchange the breed you are viewing using the dropdown list in the header above. As beef production on the north coast is largely pasturebased, the focus of this book is on pasture management and sustainable grazing systems. Originating in the alps of switzerland, brown swiss cattle were first imported to the. Animals within a breed have physical characteristics that distinguish them from other breeds or groups of animals within that same species. Almost all of the beef cattle animal is used to make things we need. Meat is the most important product of beef cattle, but there are many byproducts or secondary products from beef cattle, too.
The brown swiss is one of the oldest breeds of dairy cattle, with records dating back to 4000 b. Roy kottman, who was then the associate dean of agriculture for undergraduate instruction. British breeds are suitable for generalpurpose production. Many beef breeds have brought in outside genetics to incorporate black hair coats into their breeds. Pdf classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of. Common beef breeds of oregon 1 beef cattle library dustin mcguire 2 oregon state university beef cattle sciences introduction with the wide range of beef cattle breeds utilized in the united states, it can be difficult to choose the right breed for each operation. Benton and washington counties are the two largest counties in terms of all cattle and calves numbers, 120,000 and. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and the origin.
It is white with black or red points on the muzzle, eyes, and ears. Beef cattle breeds download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The length of each phase of the production cycle varies with breed, frame size and target market. These are part of what are sometimes called exotics. This document is an164, one of a series of the animal sciences department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. Five stantions maintain a herd of pure tswanas and a herd where one or more of the above 4 sire breeds are crosse on to tswana females. The first dealt with zebu cattle of india and pakistan.
Between 24 and 27 billion pounds of beef are produced annually in the united states. Breeds of cattle at cattle today breeds of beef cattle. Examples include simangus, combining simmental and angus, and limflex, combining limousin and angus. The purpose of this report is to rank the most numerous beef cattle breeds which took pert in the national beef cattle performance and progeny testing scheme pts for individual growth traits and some productivity and efficiency indices. What is the middle joint of the rear leg of a calf called. Breeds of cattle 2nd edition marks the twentieth anniversary of the 1987 publication. Beef cattle were introduced to australia in 1788, with the first herds based on british breeds, particularly the shorthorn. British breeds are breeds that were developed in the british isles and were brought to the united states in the late 1700s through the late 1800s. Cattle breeds by origin of country beef2live eat beef. The specific search for a bull would be for one of the breed exceptions in a weak area. Some are more popular than others and are used in larger numbers. Office of agricultural instruction in cooperation with the bureau of animal industry, united states department of agriculture, washington, d.
This implies that you can change eg the number of cattle, price of beef per kg etc, and all the other financial statements will automatically adjust to reflect the change. Known for their strength and ruggedness, producing. Breeds of beef cattle in this project, breeds of beef. Orangered colour, often with white legs and white areas. Government beef cattle ranches stretching throughout botswana. The total area involved is 40,000 ha, the stations carrying breeding herds range in size from 1500 to 6000 ha. Individuals involved with beef cattle should understand and use this terminology correctly. What solid black polled breed originated in scotland angus weights bull 1,600 2,000 cow 1,000 1,400 3.
Reproduction traits such as milk production and age at puberty are the primary concern of a cowcalf producer, while efficiency of gain, rate of. In the 4h beef project you can select from a breeding animal or a market animal. Beef cattle breeds and biological types pdf virginia tech. The inspiration for writing this book goes back to my undergraduate student days at iowa state university when i enrolled in the course, breeds of livestock, taught by the late dr. How to identify common breeds of beef cattle farm and dairy. This article includes a speciesrelated list of lists. Summary beef cattle breeding policies and strategies in the tropics have changed over the years in an attempt to optimize production levels given constraints of climate and economic conditions. Oklahoma state university began a master cattleman program with this need in mind. Limousine, is a french breed of beef cattle from the limousin and marche regions of france. Greater immune response when compared to other beef breeds calving ease calf vigor senepol are similar to angus in calving and light birth weight with good calf vigor maternal efficiency fleshing and foraging ability of the senepol cow. Longevity cows can stay in production upwards of 15 20 years naturally polled hybrid vigor.
Breeds of beef cattle there are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized throughout the world, and several hundred breeds that are not currently recognized. A listing of over 50 breeds of beef cattle including their history, traits, description and pictures. The purpose of the cattle book is to describe the size, distribution and other relevant characteristics of the cattle population in a standardised, qualityassured format. Participants must identify the breed name based on a photo of the breed, and also match the correct breed description to it. Dualpurpose breeds include many of the zebu breeds of india such as tharparkar and ongole cattle. It was formerly used mainly as a draught animal, but in modern times is reared for beef. Developing and managing small herd of beef cattle introductions beef production is a large and important segment of south african farming. Pdf on the breeds of cattle historic and current classifications. Any breed listed in the current premium list that has less than ten head will show in aob. The expanded volume includes eleven additional breeds. In size and overall type, they are very similar to the british white.
To help identify the red meat content in cattle, a method of evaluating shape termed muscle scoring is used. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to the different varieties of cattle. It allows the breeder to determine where an animal best fits into a breeding program. For example, the faster growing cattle are generally larger at birth and calving difficulty is.
However, an exact count is difficult to obtain because other breeds continue to be. Beef cattle health and husbandry for the nsw north coast. Countdown chapter 2 livestock countdown chapter 2 livestock livestock contents breeds sheep feet and leg structure. Pdf on the breeds of cattlehistoric and current classifications. Beef production in great britain download ebook pdf, epub. Matching applicable performance or functional levels to environmental, management, and marketing conditions. All illustrated in full color formal portraits of a mature bull and mature cow of each breed.
Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beef draft, dairydraft, beef dairy and beef dairydraft. Cattle breed types brian cumming livestock officer beef products, albury there are far more breeds of cattle in the world than are available in australia, although close to 100 are represented in australian herds. This is the second fao publication regarding types and breeds of cattle. Unlike most types, british beef breeds can be logically straightbred for commercial production. A breed show must have a minimum of ten animals shown by at least two exhibitors in order to qualify for an official show. Cattle farming is a lucrative business, providing income for millions of people, but there are some essential things you need to do before you venture into the cowcalf production business.
The breed, or combination of breeds, used in a defined breeding program have a significant impact on the effi ciency and profitability of the beef enterprise. However, a relatively small number of breeds less than 20 constitute the majority of the genetics. The lists of breeds refer to listed breeds of domesticated animals. Bull age has the greatest effect on testicular development in young bulls from 6 to 36 months of age. Beef breeds are used to produce meat, while dairy breeds are used primarily to produce milk. Many of these breeds have similar biological properties.
More than eighty recognized breeds of beef cattle are available to produc ers in the united states. With the mechanisation of agriculture in the twentieth century, numbers declined. There is rapid testicular growth in young bulls 6 through 16 months of age and tremendous range in testes size for bulls of the same age within breed. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as both beef and dairy production, or both beef and draught. In the 1960s there were still more than 250 000 head. Cattle breeds and origin download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. This breed originated in scotland, is polled with a black smooth coat, and is known for carcass quality, milking, mothering, and reproductive abilities. Worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of beef cattle. Cow breeds can be broken up into four purpose types. The highlyanticpated second edition of herman purdys classic 1987 breeds of cattle is now avilable for same day shipping. First, determine the production and marketing conditions and match applicable levels of animal performance to these conditions.
This title seeks to serve as a guide to the cattle breeds registered in australia. Characterization of beef cattle breeds by virtue of their performances in the national beef cattle performance and progeny testing scheme. Breeds known as dualpurpose are also used for beef production. They are also called the maternal breeds because they have good mothering ability. To take advantage of hybrid vigor, cross them with other breeds of this type and with all other types. Bob hough includes twelve additional breeds, bringing the grand total to fortyfive with a page count of 400. Developing and managing small herd of beef cattle introductions. Considerations for breeding dairy cattle to beef breeds. Greiner, extension animal scientist, virginia tech worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of beef cattle.
The american white park is promoted and selected as a beef breed. The breed, or combination of breeds, used in a defined breeding program have a. Feed is a major cost in all beef production systems and taking steps to improve feed use efficiency will improve margins. Additionally, the diverse climate, landscape and feed. Many have also opened their herdbooks to accepting hybrid breeding. Jul 03, 2019 cattle abattoirs in south africa supplementary pdf file.